The historians of the Basque literature make the report that the movement of the Lumières did not give place to an important production in Basque language. However, the influence of the Philosophers was the subject of many studies in connection with the activities of the Sociedad of los Amigos del Pais organized around personalities like the Count de Peñaflorida. For the contributions of this circle of Basque scholars attentive with the renewal of the ideas, it is necessary to add that of Dominique Joseph Garat during his first Parisian time. It should be recalled that, during the years 1779-1789, he actively took share with the Parisian literary life because the stress is too often laid on his political role during the revolutionary period. This study is based on an article entitled Lettre sur Bayonne et sur les Basques that D.J. Garat published in 1783 in the "Mercure de France". In his presentation of the Basque Country, of his inhabitants and their language, we can note how much the influence of the Philosophers is sensitive, Philosophers whom he attended in the living rooms and bookshops (Diderot, Marmontel, Morellet, etc).