this article comes after a thorough study for a PhD dissertation on a book by Jean Etxepare (Beribilez, 1931). A comparative study is drawn between Jean Etxepare and Pío Baroja with the aim of finding their coincidences and Differences. this research is based mostly in their basque identitary ideology, even though some attention is also paid to some philosophical issues. Both writers are part of the same European intellectual ambiance, and both are empathetic to the Basque Country. Broadly speaking, it can be said that their literary work was heavily determined by the profile of their hypothetical readers, as Jean Etxepare wrote mainly for Basque language speakers and Pío Baroja addressed his writings to spanish ones.